Fundamentals of Electronics#
Course Code: DI01000051
Program: Diploma in Engineering
Branch: Information & Communication Technology / Electronics & Communication Engineering
University: Gujarat Technological University
| Academic Year | 2024-25 |
|---|---|
| Semester | 1st |
| Category of the Course | PCC |
| Prerequisite | Basic of power supply & electronics components |
|---|---|
| Rationale | The engineering diploma holders are required to use and maintain various types of electronically controlled equipment. The fundamental principles of electronics are to be applied in most of the situations to arrive at the probable solutions which is faced in the world of work, therefore the knowledge of the functions of various basic electronic devices and components and practical skills acquired through the laboratory experiments will help them, when they work with electronic equipment and its sub-circuits. This course is designed to develop the skills to use the basics electronic components and apply the knowledge to maintain the various types of electronic circuits. |
Effective from Academic Year: 2024-25
Reference: GTU Syllabus
Course Outcome#
After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:
| No | Course Outcomes | RBT Level |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Use passive electronic components and it’s measurement. | R, U, A |
| 2 | Develop different types of rectifiers using PN junction diode. | R, U, A |
| 3 | Use special purpose diodes for different applications. | R, U, A |
| 4 | Analyze various transistor configurations. | R, U, A |
| 5 | Design various IC 555 Timer circuits | R, U, A |
*Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT)
Teaching and Examination Scheme#
| Teaching Scheme (Hours) | Total Credits | Assessment Pattern (Marks) | Total Marks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | T | PR | L+T+(PR/2) | Theory ESE(E) | Theory PA/CA(M) | Tutorial/Practical PA/CA(I) | Tutorial/Practical ESE(V) | |
| 3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 70 | 30 | 20 | 30 | 150 |
Course Content#
| Unit No. | Content | No. of Hours | % of Weightage marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Electronic Components & its measurements | 10 | 14 |
| 2. | Introduction of Rectifiers & operation | 10 | 26 |
| 3. | Special Purpose Diodes applications | 10 | 20 |
| 4. | Introduction to Transistors | 10 | 20 |
| 5. | Timer circuits and application | 5 | 20 |
| Total | 45 | 100 |
Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory)#
| Level | R Level | U Level | A Level | N Level | E Level | C Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marks % | 30 | 40 | 30 | - | - | - |
Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)
UNDERPINNING THEORY#
The major underpinning theory is given below based on the higher level UOs of Revised Bloom’s taxonomy that are formulated for development of the COs and competency. If required, more such UOs could be included by the course teacher to focus on attainment of COs and competency.
| Unit | Major Learning Outcomes | Topics and sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| Unit - I Electronic Components | 1a. Define active and passive components. 1b. Explain the calculation of color coding technique for resistance calculation. 1c. Compare specifications of various types of capacitors. 1d. Differentiate various types of resistors, capacitors and inductors on the basis of construction and working principle. 1e. Describe the applications of given type of passive component. 1f. Block diagram of DC power supply and compare with AC power supply | 1.1 Introduction to electronics, Brief History of electronic components, active and passive components. 1.2 Resistors: Concept of resistors, specification of resistor, classification of resistors, fixed type and variable type resistors with applications, color coding of resistors, Light dependent resistor (LDR) - symbol and working. 1.3 Capacitors: Concept of capacitor, Classification of capacitors, capacitors specifications, fixed capacitor, specification and application of ceramic disk capacitor, polyester capacitor, mica capacitor, aluminum electrolytic capacitor. 1.4 Inductors: Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction self-inductance, mutual inductance, inductor specifications, introduction to air core, iron core and ferrite core inductor. 1.5 DC & AC Power supply analysis |
| Unit - II Applications of Diodes and Rectifiers | 2a. Explain clipper and clamper circuits. 2b. Compare performance of various types of rectifiers. 2c. Calculate ripple factor, ripple frequency, PIV and efficiency of the given type of rectifier. 2d. Justify the selection of specific type of rectifier for the given application. 2e. Discuss function of shunt capacitor and Pi-filter | 2.1 Different types of Clipper Clamper circuits. 2.2 Rectifier: Need of rectifier, definition, types of rectifiers. 2.3 Half wave rectifier, full wave center tap and bridge rectifier, output voltage, current, ripple voltage, ripple factor, ripple frequency, PIV of a diode, transformer utilization factor, efficiency of half wave and full wave rectifiers. 2.4 Filters: Need and applications of rectifier filters, types of filters: shunt capacitor & Pi filter |
| Unit - III Special Purpose Diodes | 3a. Draw and describe symbol, construction, characteristics and working of the various Diodes. 3b. Describe applications of various Diodes. | 3.1 Zener diode: Symbol, construction, characteristics and working and application as a voltage regulator. 3.2 Symbol, construction, characteristics and working of Varactor diode, Photodiode, Light Emitting Diode(LED) and Multi color LED. 3.3 Application of Varactor diode, Photodiode, Light Emitting Diode(LED) and Multi color LED |
| Unit - IV Introduction to Transistors | 4a. Draw and describe symbol, construction, characteristics and working of NPN and PNP Transistor with sketch. 4b. Explain the operation of transistor Configuration with current gain, voltage gain and power gain. 4c. Explain application of transistor as switch and amplifier. | 4.1 Transistor NPN and PNP symbol, construction, working, characteristics and important specifications of transistor. 4.2 Transistor Configuration and input output characteristics of NPN transistors in Common base (CB), Common emitter (CE) and Common collector (CC) configuration. 4.3 Transistor voltage gain and current gain. 4.4 Transistor as switch. 4.5 Transistor as single stage Common emitter amplifier |
| Unit - V Timer circuits and application | 5a. Explain block diagram, Pin diagram and working of IC 555 timer. 5b. Draw and explain Astable multivibrator. 5c. Draw and explain mono stable multivibrator. 5d. Draw and explain Bistable multivibrator. | 5.1 IC 555: block diagram, working, Pin diagram. 5.2 Astable Multivibrator using 555 timer IC. 5.3 Mono stable Multivibrator using 555 timer IC. 5.4 Bistable Multivibrator using 555 timer IC |
References/Suggested Learning Resources#
(a) Books#
| Sr No. | Title of Book | Author | Publication with place, year and ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits | N.N. Bhargava , D.C. Kulshreshtha , S.C. Gupta | McGraw Hill Education, ISBN: 9781259006463 |
| 2 | Electronic Devices and Circuit: An Introduction | Mottershead, Allen | Goodyear Publishing Co., New Delhi, ISBN : 9780876202654 |
| 3 | The Art of Electronics | Horowitz, Paul; Hill, Winfield | Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 2015, ISBN : 9780521689175 |
| 4 | Basic Electronic Engineering | Baru, V., Kaduskar, R., Gaikwad S.T. | Dreamtech Press, New Delhi, 2015 ISBN: 9789350040126 |
| 5 | Fundamentals of Electronic Devices and Circuits | Bell, David | Oxford University Press New Delhi, 2015, ISBN : 9780195425239 |
| 6 | Electronic Devices and Circuit | Maini, Anil K. | Wiley India, New Delhi, ISBN : 9788126518951 |
| 7 | Transistor Selector Handbook | TAB books | Tower’s International Foulsham, London, 1974, ISBN: 9780572008888 |
| 8 | Principles of Electronics | V.K.Metha, Rohit Mehta | S. Chand, New Delhi, 2014, ISBN: 978-8121924504 |
| 9 | E-Waste: Management and Procurement of Environment | Suresh Kumar, Jatindra Kumar Pradhan | Authors press 2021, ASIN : B095PR6MVS |
| 10 | Solid and Liquid Waste Management Waste to Wealth | Rajaram Vasudevan, Siddiqui Faisal Zia , Agrawal Sanjeev | PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi ISBN: 9788120352452 |
| 11 | Power Electronics | M.H. Rashid | PHI |
(b) Open source software and website#
Software#
- Electric Circuit Studio
- Multisim for Analog and Electronics Circuit design and simulation.
- Electronics Work bench
- Power Simulator
- Scilab
Websites#
- Multisim
- Virtual Labs - Electronics and Communications
- Virtual Lab Interface
- NPTEL - IIT Madras
- Datasheet Cafe
- Williamson Labs
- Learners TV
- Cadsoft
- GTU Lectures
- NPTEL - IIT Madras
- Khan Academy
- YouTube
- All Datasheet
- Electronics Tutorials
- Instructables - Basic Electronics
- Makerspaces - Basic Electronics
- Robu - Electronic Components
- RS Delivers - Electronics
- DigiKey India
- Electronics Coach - Basic Electronics
Suggested Course Practical List#
| Sr No. | Practical Outcomes (PrOs) | Unit No. | Approx. Hrs. Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Use Digital Multimeter to measure basic electrical parameters like current, voltage and resistance. | I | 02* |
| 2 | Use CRO to measure electrical parameters of different types of signals obtain from Function generator. | I | 02* |
| 3 | Measure resistance, capacitances and inductances of different type of resistors, capacitors and inductors using LCR meter and verify it through color code and numerical code. | I | 02* |
| 4 | Test the performance of LDR and measure the variation in resistance with the change in light intensity. | I | 02 |
| 5 | Build and test different types of clipper circuits. | II | 02* |
| 6 | Build and test the half wave rectifier on a breadboard. | II | 02* |
| 7 | Build and test the full wave rectifier (center tapping) on a breadboard. | II | 02 |
| 8 | Build and test the full wave bridge rectifier on a breadboard. | II | 02* |
| 9 | Test the performance of half and full wave rectifier with shunt capacitor filter. | II | 02* |
| 10 | Test the performance of the zener diode and obtain the Zener breakdown (Reverse) voltage and current. | III | 02 |
| 11 | Build and test zener voltage regulator for the given regulated voltage. | III | 01* |
| 12 | Test the performance of LED in series and shunt connection and measure the current and voltage in both the connections. | III | 02 |
| 13 | Test common emitter transistor configuration and obtain the value of current gain and input impedance. | IV | 02 |
| 14 | Perform application of transistor as a switch | IV | 01* |
| 15 | Build and test common emitter amplifier and obtain the value of voltage gain for given input signal. | IV | 01* |
| 16 | Build and test mono stable multi vibrator using IC 555 | V | 01* |
| 17 | Build and test bistable multivibrator using IC 555 | V | 01 |
| 18 | Build and test astable multivibrator using IC 555 | V | 01* |
| Minimum 15 Practical Exercises | 30 Hrs. | Minimum 15 Practical Exercise s |
Note#
- i. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a suggestive list.
- ii. Care must be taken in assigning and assessing study report as it is a first year study report. Study report, data collection and analysis report must be assigned in a group. Teacher has to discuss about type of data (which and why) before group start their market survey. The following are some sample ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ related skills (more may be added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises of this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.
| Sr no | Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs | Weightage in % |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Preparation of experimental setup | 20 |
| 2 | Operate the equipment setup or circuit | 20 |
| 3 | Follow safety measures and practices | 10 |
| 4 | Record and plot observations correctly | 20 |
| 5 | Interpret the result and conclude | 30 |
List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required#
These major equipments with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the administrators to user in uniformity of practical’s in all institutions across the state.
| Sr No. | Equipment Name with Broad Specifications | PrO. No. |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dual variable DC power supply ,0- 30V, 2A, With Short circuit protection, separate display for voltage and current | 4,5,6,7,8,9,10, 11,12,13,14, 15,16,17, 18 |
| 2 | Cathode Ray Oscilloscope ,Dual Trace 20Mhz, 1MegaΩ Input Impedance | 2,5,6,7,8,9,13, 14,15,16, 17,18 |
| 3 | Function Generator 0-2 MHz with Sine, square and triangular output with variable frequency and amplitude. | 2 |
| 4 | Digital Multimeter : 3 1/2 digit display, 1999 count digital multimeter measures: Vac, Vdc ( 600V max) , Adc, Aac(10 amp max) , Resistance ( 0 - 2 Mega Ohm) , with diode and transistor tester | 1,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,11,12,13, 14,15,16,17,18 |
| 5 | LCR meter bench top or hand-held type, 3 1/2 digit LCD /LED display , 1999 count , Resistance 0-20 Mega Ohm , Capacitance 0-200 micro Farad , Inductance 0 - 20 Henry | 3 |
| 6 | Electronic Workbench: Bread Board 840 -1000 contact points: Positive and Negative DC power rails on opposite sides of the board with , 0-30 V , 2 Amp Variable DC power supply, Function Generator 0-2MHz, CRO 0- 30MHz , Digital Multimeter | 1 to 17 & 18 |
Suggested Project List#
Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-project are groupbased (group of 3 to 5). However, in the fifth and sixth semesters , the number of students in the group should not exceed three .
The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-based, laboratorybased or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass two or more COs which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will have to maintain dated work diary consisting of individual contribution in the project work and give a seminar presentation of it before submission. The duration of the microproject should be about 14-16 (fourteen to sixteen) student engagement hours during the course. The students ought to submit micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the industry- oriented COs. A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the COs.
Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:
- a) Diode: Build a circuit on general purpose PCB or breadboard to obtain +12V unregulated DC power supply using full wave bridge rectifier and filter (Duration: 8- 10 hours)
- b) Photodiode: Build an interruption detector circuit to blink an LED using LDR, and prepare a mini project report. (Duration: 6-8 hours)
- c) Transistor Amplifier: Build a common emitter amplifier using transistor and prepare a mini project report. (Duration: 6-8 hours)
- d) Transistor Application: Build a transistorized water level indicator and prepare a mini project report. (Duration: 6-8 hours)
- e) Special Purpose Diodes: Build basic applications using any one or combination of special purpose diodes , and prepare a mini project report. (Duration: 6-8 hours)
- f) 555 Timer: Build a circuit on a breadboard using 555 timer to generate square wave with variable duty cycle and frequency. (Duration: 6-8 hours)
Suggested Activities for Students#
Other than the classroom and laboratory learning, following are the suggested student-related cocurricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the various outcomes in this course: Students should perform following activities in group and prepare reports of about 5 pages for each activity. They should also collect/record physical evidences for their (student’s) portfolio which may be useful for their placement interviews:
- a) Prepare a table and interpret the technical specification of various diodes and transistors using data sheet.
- b) Prepare specifications of some electronic components.
- c) Collect information and seminar on any relevant topic related with the course.
- d) Undertake a market survey of different semiconductor components.
- e) Identify various types of transistor
- f) Analysis of 555 Timer circuits